Arguments for greater participation by the private sector in growth-boosting and poverty-reducing initiatives in Africa are intensifying with the mounting fear that the Millennium Development Goals will not be met. In “The Private Sector and Cash Transfers in Africa”, (ERSA Working Paper No. 80) Sheshangai Kaniki argues that the private sector has a pivotal role to play in cahs transfer programmes – national social protection frameworks that traditionally have fallen within the realm of government policy tools. He examines three possible avenues for the private sector involvement in cash transfer programmes in Africa: through the financial sector’s payment mechanism, via business taxes, and through companies corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes.