Carmen earned a B.Sc in Physiotherapy from the University of Cape Town in 2003 and worked in South Africa’s public and private health sectors before transitioning to academia in 2011. She completed an M.Econ at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) in 2014 and a PhD in economics at Stellenbosch University in 2019, focusing on constraints in early TB detection in South Africa. Now an Associate Professor at UWC, Carmen leads an SAMRC-SIR-funded project on patient costs and pathways for TB treatment, serves as an Academic Editor for PLOS Global Public Health, and holds an NRF award supporting a sabbatical for academic advancement and internationalisation at McGill University. Her research interests include healthcare access, health inequalities, and infectious disease economics.