It is less onerous to achieve policy objectives when they are clear, credibly implemented and appropriately communicated, all of which reduces uncertainty
Policy Briefs
The study explores remuneration patterns in South Africa between 2000 and 2017, with a focus on the relationship between public- and private-sector earnings. Although remuneration is likely to increase over time in both sectors, this does not necessarily mean these increases are related to each other.
In most choice experiment studies in environmental economics, the attributes of non-traded environmental goods are communicated to respondents in the form of a table consisting of verbal descriptions. The table normally consists of attributes, their detailed descriptions, and levels. Thereafter, respondents are presented with a series of choice sets, which are often in the form of written text.
Capital inflows to Sub-Saharan Africa have been increasing over the past couple of decades largely due to ever increasing globalization and an increase in world capital flows. Furthermore, SSA have been pursuing rapidly increasing capital account liberalization over the past couple of years.
South African municipalities rely on income from property tax and other sources to provide a range of services to communities. Indeed, property tax is an important income source, in particular for municipalities in urban areas where the property market is well functioning and developed.
Background
Risk is inherent in small-scale rain-fed agricultural production. Farmers have to contend with seasonal weather uncertainties, the threat of pests and diseases, post-harvest losses, among other risks. These risks are now being exacerbated by the effects of a changing climate, which is expected to increase poverty incidences in most developing countries.
The centrality of electricity to everyday life is indisputable, and the price thereof can have significant implications. Previous literature is inconclusive over the effect of the renewable energy share in the energy mix on retail electricity price as country-specific regulatory policy has a significant impact on retail electricity prices.
The health consequences of smoking are quite enormous and have been detailed on countless occasions. As a result of the elevated risk of smoking-related diseases, a smoker from early life can be expected to die about 6 years earlier than a comparable non-smoker.
Subsistence poaching can severely threaten biodiversity and community livelihoods. It can lead to a decrease in wildlife abundance, and in the worst cases, extinction of certain species. This can have devastating ripple effects throughout ecosystems, jeopardize food security and impact on rural economies dependent on wildlife through, for example, tourism.
Globally, the tourism sector has been identified as crucial to attaining the goal of sustainable development. Its effectiveness as a tool for sustainable development lies in its potential to promote local economic development by creating both economic, environmental and socio-cultural sustainability. The rise of Festival tourism emphasises the socio-cultural dimension of this sustainability while contributing to the economic dimension.
Mobile broadband is the main means of connecting to the internet in developing countries, where fixed-line coverage is typically limited or non-existent. As a result, governments in developing countries are seeking means by which mobile broadband penetration might be increased.
South Africa is the most unequal country in the world, with a Gini coefficient of 0.63 in 2015 according to World Bank statistics. This is a consequence of apartheid-era racial discrimination policies (Leibbrandt et al., 2010). The top 10% of income-earners earn thirty times more than the bottom 10%.
Uncovering the key drivers of business cycles of commodity exporting economies continues to dominate the literature on small open and emerging market economies.
Evidence from California shows that paid maternity leave leads to improved health outcomes among elementary school children.
Climate change has brought renewed and increasing attention to the productivity and efficiency of the water sector. This has stimulated interest, which has manifested itself in the increased application of statistical tools to measure the productivity and efficiency of water utilities. Policymakers in developed countries are already making use of statistical analyses of water systems for determining productivity and efficiency.
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